VERSE: Verification-Based Self-Play for Code Instructions

Abstract

Instruction-tuned Code Large Language Models (Code LLMs) have excelled in diverse code-related tasks, such as program synthesis, automatic program repair, and code explanation. To collect training datasets for instruction-tuning, a popular method involves having models autonomously generate instructions and corresponding responses. However, the direct generation of responses does not ensure functional correctness, a crucial requirement for generating responses to code instructions. To overcome this, we present Verification-Based Self-Play (VERSE), aiming to enhance model proficiency in generating correct responses. VERSE establishes a robust verification framework that covers various code instructions. Employing VERSE, Code LLMs engage in self-play to generate instructions and corresponding verifications. They evaluate execution results and self-consistency as verification outcomes, using them as scores to rank generated data for self-training. Experiments show that VERSE improves multiple base Code LLMs (average 7.6%) across various languages and tasks on many benchmarks, affirming its effectiveness.