TB-Bench: Training and Testing Multi-Modal AI for Understanding Spatio-Temporal Traffic Behaviors from Dashcam Images/Videos

Abstract

The application of Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) in Autonomous Driving (AD) faces significant challenges due to their limited training on traffic-specific data and the absence of dedicated benchmarks for spatiotemporal understanding. This study addresses these issues by proposing TB-Bench, a comprehensive benchmark designed to evaluate MLLMs on understanding traffic behaviors across eight perception tasks from ego-centric views. We also introduce vision-language instruction tuning datasets, TB-100k and TB-250k, along with simple yet effective baselines for the tasks. Through extensive experiments, we show that existing MLLMs underperform in these tasks, with even a powerful model like GPT-4o achieving less than 35% accuracy on average. In contrast, when fine-tuned with TB-100k or TB-250k, our baseline models achieve average accuracy up to 85%, significantly enhancing performance on the tasks. Additionally, we demonstrate performance transfer to another driving benchmark by co-training a model on the other driving benchmark dataset with our proposed dataset. The benchmark, datasets, and code will be available at https://github.com/TB-AD/TB-Bench.