Automatic Check-Out via Prototype-Based Classifier Learning from Single-Product Exemplars

Abstract

Automatic Check-Out (ACO) aims to accurately predict the presence and count of each category of products in check-out images, where a major challenge is the significant domain gap between training data (single-product exemplars) and test data (check-out images). To mitigate the gap, we propose a method, termed as PSP, to perform Prototype-based classifier learning from Single-Product exemplars. In PSP, by revealing the advantages of representing category semantics, the prototype representation of each product category is firstly obtained from single-product exemplars. Based on the prototypes, it then generates categorical classifiers with a background classifier to not only recognize fine-grained product categories but also distinguish background upon product proposals derived from check-out images. To further improve ACO accuracy, we develop discriminative re-ranking to both adjust the predicted scores of product proposals for bringing more discriminative ability in classifier learning and provide a reasonable sorting possibility by considering the fine-grained nature. Moreover, a multi-label recognition loss is also equipped for modeling co-occurrence of products in check-out images. Experiments are conducted on the large-scale RPC dataset for evaluations. Our ACO result achieves 86.69%, by 6.18% improvements over state-of-the-arts, which demonstrates the superiority of PSP. Our codes are available at https://github.com/Hao-Chen-NJUST/PSP.