Semantic Uncertainty: Linguistic Invariances for Uncertainty Estimation in Natural Language Generation
Abstract
We introduce a method to measure uncertainty in large language models. For tasks like question answering, it is essential to know when we can trust the natural language outputs of foundation models. We show that measuring uncertainty in natural language is challenging because of "semantic equivalence"—different sentences can mean the same thing. To overcome these challenges we introduce semantic entropy—an entropy which incorporates linguistic invariances created by shared meanings. Our method is unsupervised, uses only a single model, and requires no modifications to off-the-shelf language models. In comprehensive ablation studies we show that the semantic entropy is more predictive of model accuracy on question answering data sets than comparable baselines.
Cite
Text
Kuhn et al. "Semantic Uncertainty: Linguistic Invariances for Uncertainty Estimation in Natural Language Generation." International Conference on Learning Representations, 2023.Markdown
[Kuhn et al. "Semantic Uncertainty: Linguistic Invariances for Uncertainty Estimation in Natural Language Generation." International Conference on Learning Representations, 2023.](https://mlanthology.org/iclr/2023/kuhn2023iclr-semantic/)BibTeX
@inproceedings{kuhn2023iclr-semantic,
title = {{Semantic Uncertainty: Linguistic Invariances for Uncertainty Estimation in Natural Language Generation}},
author = {Kuhn, Lorenz and Gal, Yarin and Farquhar, Sebastian},
booktitle = {International Conference on Learning Representations},
year = {2023},
url = {https://mlanthology.org/iclr/2023/kuhn2023iclr-semantic/}
}