LFQA-E: Carefully Benchmarking Long-Form QA Evaluation

Abstract

Long-Form Question Answering (LFQA) involves generating comprehensive, paragraph-level responses to open-ended questions, which poses a significant challenge for evaluation due to the richness of information and flexible response format. Existing LFQA-evaluation benchmarks often lack reference answers and are limited in size and topic coverage, reducing their reliability. To address this gap, we introduce LFQA-E, a well-constructed, multilingual, and reference-based benchmark designed to rigorously evaluate automatic metrics for LFQA. LFQA-E comprises 1,625 questions and 7,649 pairwise comparisons across 15 topics, drawn from diverse sources such as online queries and examination questions, thereby enabling a comprehensive assessment of evaluation metrics. We examine five categories of metrics, encompassing 17 specific methods, using LFQA-E. The results demonstrate that none of the existing automatic metrics perform comparably to human judgments, highlighting their inability to capture the dense information in long-form responses. Furthermore, we present a detailed analysis of the failure cases and the generalization capacity of these metrics, offering insights to guide the future development of LFQA evaluation methods.