STD-FD: Spatio-Temporal Distribution Fitting Deviation for AIGC Forgery Identification

Abstract

With the rise of AIGC technologies, particularly diffusion models, highly realistic fake images that can deceive human visual perception has become feasible. Consequently, various forgery detection methods have emerged. However, existing methods treat the generation process of fake images as either a black-box or an auxiliary tool, offering limited insights into its underlying mechanisms. In this paper, we propose Spatio-Temporal Distribution Fitting Deviation (STD-FD) for AIGC forgery detection, which explores the generative process in detail. By decomposing and reconstructing data within generative diffusion models, initial experiments reveal temporal distribution fitting deviations during the image reconstruction process. These deviations are captured through reconstruction noise maps for each spatial semantic unit, derived via a super-resolution algorithm. Critical discriminative patterns, termed DFactors, are identified through statistical modeling of these deviations. Extensive experiments show that STD-FD effectively captures distribution patterns in AIGC-generated data, demonstrating strong robustness and generalizability while outperforming state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods on major datasets. The source code is available at this link.