IBAL: A Probabilistic Rational Programming Language

Abstract

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is the cathode reaction in fuel cells and its selectivity for water over hydrogen peroxide production is important for these technologies. Iron porphyrin catalysts have long been studied for the ORR, but the origins of their selectivity are not well understood because the selectivity-determining step(s) usually occur after the rate-determining step. We report here the effects of acid concentration, as well as other solution conditions such as acid p<i>K</i>_a, on the H₂O₂/H₂O selectivity in electrocatalytic ORR by iron(tetramesitylporphyrin) (Fe(TMP)) in DMF. The results show that selectivity reflects a kinetic competition in which the dependence on [HX] is one order greater for the production of H₂O than H₂O₂. Based on such experimental results and computational studies, we propose that the selectivity is governed by competition between protonation of the hydroperoxo intermediate, Fe^III(TMP)(OOH), to produce water versus dissociation of the HOO^- ligand to yield H₂O₂. The data rule out a bifurcation based on the regioselectivity of protonation of the hydroperoxide, as suggested in the enzymatic systems. Furthermore, the analysis developed in this report should be generally valuable to the study of selectivity in other multi-proton/multi-electron electrocatalytic reactions.