A Weakly Supervised Method for Topic Segmentation and Labeling in Goal-Oriented Dialogues via Reinforcement Learning

Abstract

Topic structure analysis plays a pivotal role in dialogue understanding. We propose a reinforcement learning (RL) method for topic segmentation and labeling in goal-oriented dialogues, which aims to detect topic boundaries among dialogue utterances and assign topic labels to the utterances. We address three common issues in the goal-oriented customer service dialogues: informality, local topic continuity, and global topic structure. We explore the task in a weakly supervised setting and formulate it as a sequential decision problem. The proposed method consists of a state representation network to address the informality issue, and a policy network with rewards to model local topic continuity and global topic structure. To train the two networks and offer a warm-start to the policy, we firstly use some keywords to annotate the data automatically. We then pre-train the networks on noisy data. Henceforth, the method continues to refine the data labels using the current policy to learn better state representations on the refined data for obtaining a better policy. Results demonstrate that this weakly supervised method obtains substantial improvements over state-of-the-art baselines.