Endogenous Energy Reactive Modules Games: Modelling Side Payments Among Resource-Bounded Agents

Abstract

Recent research in cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) has shown significant interest in utilizing Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) for communication learning due to their strong ability to process feature and topological information of agents into message representations for downstream action selection and coordination. However, GNNs generally assume network homogeneity that nodes of the same class tend to be interconnected. In real-world multi-agent systems, such assumptions are often unrealistic, as agents within the same class can be distant from each other. Furthermore, GNN-based MARL methods overlook the crucial role of feature similarity of agents in action coordination, which also restricts their performance. To overcome these limitations, we propose a Multi-Agent communication mechanism with Information preserving graph contrastive Learning (MAIL), which enhances message representation by preserving the comprehensive features of adjacent agents while integrating topological information. Specifically, MAIL considers three distinct graph views: original view, agent feature view, and global topological view. MAIL performs contrastive learning across three views to extract comprehensive information. MAIL effectively learns robust and expressive message representations for downstream tasks. Extensive experiments across various environments demonstrate that MAIL outperforms existing GNN-based MARL methods.