Instance Segmentation of Benthic Scale Worms at a Hydrothermal Site

Abstract

Subsea hydrothermal vents, typically existing at water depths below natural light penetration, contain diverse and unique macrofaunal environments. Traditionally, long-term ecological observation has been difficult as the extreme depth, temperature and pressure make in situ video surveys challenging. However, the introduction of subsea cabled arrays has allowed for the long time series collection of high definition imagery from these vents. To study the benthic hydrothermal vent environment, we propose an inference pipeline consisting of a U-Net followed by VGG-16 CNN to perform instance segmentation of scale worms, a specific macrofaunal family. The developed pipeline exhibits an average precision (AP) of 0.671 AP@[0.5], despite the difficult camouflaged imagery and low training data inputs. We further explore full pipeline training data requirements, as the dynamic scene in question requires the pipeline to be re-trained on an approximately monthly basis for effective segmentation. We find that the VGG-16 CNN portion of the pipeline is typically more sensitive to training data variation than the U-Net portion.